Literature on social norms relating to security and justice in FCAS contexts (including Burundi, DRC, South Sudan and Yemen amongst others) is limited, with only nine studies identified. Norms – with varying degrees of influence (using the theory of normative spectrum reference) identified in the studies reviewed to fall into a few categories:
- Norms influencing corrupt conduct of government officials;
- Indirect social norms upholding corrupt behaviour;
- Social norms concerning gender and corruption;
- Social norms within the formal and informal security and justice system.
